Indian grade-point scale
| Grade | Grade point | Marks (typical) |
|---|---|---|
| O / A+ | 10 | 90 – 100 |
| A | 9 | 80 – 89 |
| B+ | 8 | 70 – 79 |
| B | 7 | 60 – 69 |
| C | 6 | 50 – 59 |
| P (Pass) | 5 | 40 – 49 |
| F (Fail) | 0 | < 40 |
Most Indian universities use the 10-point scale shown above (UGC's recommended choice-based credit system). Some institutions use a 5-point or 7-point variant — adjust the entered grade points accordingly.
Conversion formulas
- CBSE: Percentage = CGPA × 9.5
- AICTE / Anna / VTU / most engineering colleges: Percentage = (CGPA − 0.75) × 10
- Mumbai University (engineering): Percentage = (CGPA × 7.1) + 12
- 4-point US GPA (rough): GPA4 = CGPA10 × 0.4 (this calculator uses Indian → US conversion table for clarity, not a flat ratio)
Always verify with your university's official conversion certificate before submitting to overseas admissions or employers.
FAQ
What's the difference between GPA and CGPA?
GPA (semester GPA, sometimes SGPA) is the weighted average for one semester. CGPA is the cumulative GPA across all completed semesters. This calculator handles both — just enter all subjects from one semester or all semesters at once.
How do I convert SGPA to CGPA?
CGPA = (Σ SGPAsem × creditssem) ÷ Σ creditssem. If credits per semester are equal, CGPA simplifies to the average of all SGPAs.
Are backlogs / arrears counted?
Once you clear an arrear, the new grade replaces the original (most universities). Until then, the failed subject contributes 0 grade points × its credit, which drags the CGPA down.